History of pi

History of pi

What is pi???

 If it is the question, then there are different answers.

  firstly, pi is the ratio of the circumference and radius of a circle of any radius.

   It is also obvious that pi is an irrational number.

    Actually pi a mysterious number of mathematics; a special constant.

  There are many stories about the discovery of pi.

  History of pi

  Pi was  seen for the first time  200 years before the birth of Christ. Pi was used in the old Babylon. Then the  value of pi was 3.125. The Rhind Papyrus informs that in around 1600 BC Egyptians used 3.1605 as the value of pi.

  The person who had found  the value of pi for the first time mathematically was the great greek mathematician Archimedes.

    It was in around 250 BC. The value of pi given by him was greater than 3.1408 and less than 3.1429.

   After 400 years later  another greek philosopher Tolemy  had shown that pi=3.14166.( He told that a circle has 360 sides).

  In the third AD  Liu-Hiu from china, calculated the value of pi upto five decimal places.  400 years after his work another Chinese mathematician Zu Chong determines the value of pi upto six decimal places.His pi lies between  3.1415926 and 3.1415927.

 The Indian mathematicians had thought about pi differently. Around 1400 AD Indian mathematician Madhava had calculated pi correct upto 11 significant figures, using a series( now known as Gregory series).

The value of his pi was given by:

   π/4= 1-1/3 + 1/5 - 1/7 + 1/9 -...

  (This series is obtained from Gregory series and better known as Leibniz series.)

  Before Madhava another great Indian Brahmagupta in 640 AD had obtained pi=√10. It is assumed that a Chinese Zhang Heng  in 130 AD had obtained the value of pi √10 400 years before Brahmagupta.

  In the Christian 9th century Muhammad - Al - Khwarizmi had calculated pi upto 4 significant figures. After many years Jamshid - al- Kashi had found the value of 2π correct upto 16 significant figures.

  In 1701 the value of pi correct upto 100 decimal places was given by  John Machin.

  In 1781 Swedish mathematian Johann Lambert proved that pi is an irrational number.

 In 1873 William Shanks had highlighted the value of pi upto 527 decimal places.

 Point to be noted that French mathematian Faancosis Viete first expressed pi as a product of infinite terms as:

 2/π=√1/2×√1/2+1/2×√1/2...

  John Wallis also expressed pi as a product of infinite terms.

  There were many people in the entire world who had viewed pi differently.

 Till now pi is not known comptely. 

   Actually,  pi is an endless mysterious number!!!
     

 If you find out any incorrect information or know anything more about this , please write it in the comment section!

    

  

No Nobel In Mathematics

  No Nobel in Mathematics

 There is a confusion about the   availabality of the Nobel prize in Mathematics. Some people also wants to know that why there is no Nobel prize in mathematics?

    Well, Let's start...

The renowned 'Nobel prize' was created by the will of Alfred Nobel ,a Swedish chemist and inventor.He established a fund for the awarding of five annual prizes to those who during the preceding years ,shall be conferred the greatest benefit of mankind.
The first time Nobel prize were distributed on 10th December 1901. Nobel specified the prize for the achievement in the fields :
Physics , Chemistry  ,medicine , literature and peace. A prize for a sixth category 'Economics' was added by the bank of Sweden in 1969.

     In this century since Nobel foundation was established,many have speculated on the reasons why Mr.Nobel did not provide for a prize to be awarded for achievement in the field of Mathematics.
So, there is a big question , especially for the family  of Mathematics :
''why there is no nobel in mathematics???"

      Okay! Wait! Be cool !!!
There are many  theories about this matter .
One of the most common and unfounded reason is that  a woman (wife/mistress) of Mr.Nobel cheated him  with a famous Swedish mathematics Gosta  Mittag-Leffler.
      But there is no historical evidence to support  this story. And a important thing is that Mr.Nobel never married . On the other hand Mr.Nobel have a mistress ,a Viennese woman named Sophie Hess, bur there is no evidence of her affair with Gosta Mittage-Leffler. This is  the most  popular  theory about this matter.

      But from the sight of another experts there is another reasons.
Some of them thinks that mathematics is too theoretical and Nobel was not interested in  mathematics, so he simply decided  to avoid mathematics.

       While , some other also highlighted the biggest  awards in mathematics  as the culprit.
These prizes are ''The Fields Medal ", officially called the ''interational Medal for outstanding Discoveries in mathematics",
which is awarded once every four years upto four mathematician under the age of 40. And the "Abel prize" ,created in 2001, in the memory of  the Norwegian  mathematician Niels Henrik Abel. It is awarded by king of Norway each year in March. This prize is considered equivalent to the Nobel prize.

     "The Chennai Medal" is a lifetime achievement  in mathematics, is awarded in every four years in the international Congress of mathematics.
There are several debets about  this matter, which are endless.
But how much we debets, there is no profit , unfortunately "Mathematics is Nobel less!"

  

 If you find out any incorrect information or know anything more about this , please write it in the comment section!